Pattern of Women's Education in Minangkabau through the Lingual Forms in the Myth of Palasik
Abstract
The purposes of the research are (1) to describe the lingual forms used by Minangkabau people in developing in the myth of palasik; (2) to explain the functions and meanings of lingual forms in the myths of palasik used by the Minangkabau people; and (3) to explain the pattern of women’s education in Minangkabau through lingual forms in the palasik myth. The method of the research is the descriptive research method proposed by Taylor, Bogdan, and DeVault (2015) to produce descriptive data in the form of lingual forms used by Minangkabau people in palasik myths, and Cresweel (2018) to explain the pattern of women's education in social tradition aspects of the Minangkabau people, especially through the Palasik myth. The results of the research are found that (1) the palasik myths developed in Minangkabau society through lingual forms, such as the prohibition of pregnant women and nursing mothers to go outside the home; prohibition of drying baby clothes outside the home; the prohibition of avoiding people who follow Palasik black magic; obligation for pregnant women, nursing mothers, and babies to use amulets, attach garlic to clothes, and use white iron in their hands; and the obligation to wear an undershirt or reversed shirt to the baby; (2) the functions and meanings of lingual forms in palasik myths are spiritual functions which mean social control and psychological functions that mean individual control; and (3) the Minangkabau community has an educational pattern for women, especially for pregnant women and nursing mothers in taking care of themselves and babies conceived / born outwardly and inwardly. Palasik myth has similarities with a number of myths in other countries, such as kuyang (Dayak), leak (Bali)¸ empusa (Greece), chupacabra (Latin America), dracula (Romania) ¸ and vampires (Balkans), creatures that can suck blood human. In Minangkabau, Palasik is believed as a creature that is able to suck the fetus that a pregnant woman, suck blood through the crown of a baby, and suck mother's milk so that the baby does not want to breastfeed. The difference in myths that develops about blood-sucking creatures in Minangkabau and some regions in other countries was in behavior and social control in the form of education patterns that Minangkabau people expect from women. A woman, especially pregnant women or nursing mothers must take care of their children and themselves outwardly and inwardly. This is different from the myths that developed in other countries that tend to function as spiritual only.
Keywords
Minangkabau, myths, palasik, traditional education, women